Hibernate Quiz ( Intermediate ) - All Questions

This intermediate Hibernate quiz is designed for developers who know Hibernate basics and want to strengthen real-world ORM usage. It focuses on entity states, fetching strategies, caching, relationships, HQL, performance tuning, and commonly asked Hibernate interview questions.

Question 1: What is the main role of Hibernate in Java applications?

UI rendering
Transaction management only
Object Relational Mapping
JVM optimization

Explanation: Hibernate maps Java objects to relational database tables.

Question 2: Which Hibernate component is responsible for creating Session objects?

Session
Configuration
SessionFactory
Transaction

Explanation: SessionFactory creates and manages Session instances.

Question 3: Which Hibernate object is NOT thread-safe?

Session
SessionFactory
Second-level cache
Dialect

Explanation: Session is not thread-safe and should not be shared.

Question 4: Which object represents a single unit of work in Hibernate?

SessionFactory
Transaction
Session
Query

Explanation: Session represents a unit of work.

Question 5: Which state represents an object associated with a Hibernate Session?

Transient
Detached
Persistent
Removed

Explanation: Persistent objects are associated with a Session.

Question 6: Which state represents an object not associated with any Session?

Detached
Persistent
Removed
Transient

Explanation: Transient objects are not associated with Session.

Question 7: Which state represents an object that was persistent but is no longer attached?

Detached
Transient
Persistent
Removed

Explanation: Detached objects were once persistent.

Question 8: Which method transitions an object from transient to persistent state?

update()
save()
merge()
evict()

Explanation: save() makes a transient object persistent.

Question 9: Which method is used to reattach a detached object?

save()
persist()
update()
clear()

Explanation: update() reattaches a detached entity.

Question 10: What is the difference between update() and merge()?

No difference
merge() returns managed instance
update() returns new object
merge() deletes object

Explanation: merge() returns a managed instance and copies state.

Question 11: Which fetching strategy loads related entities only when accessed?

Eager
Immediate
Lazy
Batch

Explanation: Lazy fetching loads data on demand.

Question 12: Which fetching strategy loads related entities immediately?

Lazy
Deferred
Batch
Eager

Explanation: Eager fetching loads associations immediately.

Question 13: Which annotation controls fetching strategy in Hibernate?

@FetchType
@Fetch
@Column
@Entity

Explanation: @Fetch controls Hibernate fetching behavior.

Question 14: Which fetch type is default for @ManyToOne?

LAZY
EAGER
BATCH
SUBSELECT

Explanation: @ManyToOne is EAGER by default.

Question 15: Which fetch type is default for @OneToMany?

EAGER
LAZY
IMMEDIATE
JOIN

Explanation: @OneToMany is LAZY by default.

Question 16: What is the N+1 select problem?

Multiple inserts at once
Multiple updates in loop
One query plus N additional queries
Deadlock issue

Explanation: N+1 occurs when extra queries are triggered for associations.

Question 17: Which strategy helps solve N+1 select problem?

Lazy loading
Fetch join
Auto flush
Cascade delete

Explanation: Fetch join retrieves associations in one query.

Question 18: Which cache is enabled by default in Hibernate?

Query cache
Second-level cache
First-level cache
No cache

Explanation: First-level cache is enabled by default.

Question 19: Which object acts as the first-level cache?

SessionFactory
Session
Transaction
Query

Explanation: Session provides first-level caching.

Question 20: Which cache is shared across Sessions?

Session cache
First-level cache
Second-level cache
Query cache

Explanation: Second-level cache is shared across sessions.

Question 21: Which cache stores query results?

First-level cache
Second-level cache
Query cache
Session cache

Explanation: Query cache stores HQL query results.

Question 22: Which Hibernate method synchronizes session state with database?

clear()
flush()
commit()
close()

Explanation: flush() syncs session changes with DB.

Question 23: Which method clears all objects from the Session cache?

evict()
flush()
clear()
remove()

Explanation: clear() removes all entities from Session.

Question 24: Which method removes a single object from Session cache?

clear()
remove()
evict()
detach()

Explanation: evict() removes a single entity from cache.

Question 25: Which language is database-independent in Hibernate?

SQL
PL/SQL
HQL
Native Query

Explanation: HQL is database-independent.

Question 26: Which HQL keyword is used to retrieve all entities?

SELECT *
FROM Entity
GET Entity
FETCH Entity

Explanation: FROM Entity retrieves all records.

Question 27: Which query type allows using native SQL?

HQL
Criteria
Native Query
JPQL

Explanation: Native Query allows raw SQL usage.

Question 28: Which annotation defines cascading behavior?

@Fetch
@Cascade
@CascadeType
@ManyToOne

Explanation: CascadeType defines cascading rules.

Question 29: Which cascade type propagates save and update operations?

REMOVE
DETACH
PERSIST
ALL

Explanation: ALL propagates all operations.

Question 30: Which cascade type deletes child entities?

MERGE
REMOVE
REFRESH
DETACH

Explanation: REMOVE deletes associated entities.

Question 31: Which annotation maps inheritance in Hibernate?

@MappedSuperclass
@Inheritance
@Entity
@DiscriminatorColumn

Explanation: @Inheritance defines inheritance strategy.

Question 32: Which inheritance strategy uses one table per class?

SINGLE_TABLE
JOINED
TABLE_PER_CLASS
SUBCLASS

Explanation: TABLE_PER_CLASS uses separate tables.

Question 33: Which inheritance strategy uses a discriminator column?

JOINED
TABLE_PER_CLASS
SINGLE_TABLE
MAPPED_SUPERCLASS

Explanation: SINGLE_TABLE uses discriminator column.

Question 34: Which Hibernate feature helps improve performance most?

Eager loading
Caching
Auto flush
Immediate fetching

Explanation: Caching significantly improves performance.

Question 35: Which annotation enables optimistic locking?

@Id
@Version
@Lock
@Optimistic

Explanation: @Version enables optimistic locking.

Question 36: What happens if optimistic locking fails?

Data overwritten
Silent update
OptimisticLockException thrown
Transaction ignored

Explanation: Hibernate throws OptimisticLockException.

Question 37: Which feature helps handle concurrent updates safely?

Lazy loading
Optimistic locking
Second-level cache
Batch fetching

Explanation: Optimistic locking prevents lost updates.

Question 38: Which Hibernate feature batches SQL statements?

FetchType
Batch size
Query cache
Flush mode

Explanation: Batch size enables batching.

Question 39: Which annotation defines batch fetching?

@BatchSize
@Fetch
@Cache
@OrderBy

Explanation: @BatchSize enables batch fetching.

Question 40: Which Hibernate component handles DB-specific SQL generation?

Session
Dialect
Transaction
Criteria

Explanation: Dialect handles database-specific SQL.

Question 41: Which feature makes Hibernate database-independent?

HQL
Dialect
Session
Transaction

Explanation: Dialect abstracts DB differences.

Question 42: Which API allows building queries programmatically?

HQL
Criteria API
Native SQL
JPQL

Explanation: Criteria API builds queries programmatically.

Question 43: Which Criteria API version is type-safe?

Legacy Criteria
Hibernate Criteria
JPA Criteria
Native Criteria

Explanation: JPA Criteria is type-safe.

Question 44: Which Hibernate object manages transactions?

Session
SessionFactory
Transaction
Query

Explanation: Transaction manages commit and rollback.

Question 45: Which method commits transaction changes?

flush()
save()
commit()
close()

Explanation: commit() persists transaction changes.

Question 46: Which Hibernate feature reduces SQL boilerplate?

ORM
Caching
Batching
Lazy loading

Explanation: ORM removes SQL boilerplate.

Question 47: What is the main goal of using Hibernate?

Direct SQL execution
Object-oriented data persistence
UI development
Thread management

Explanation: Hibernate simplifies object-oriented persistence.

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Hibernate Quiz ( Intermediate )

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Hibernate Quiz ( Intermediate )