The React project folder structure is the backbone of any React application. It determines how code is organized and how different parts of the application interact with each other. When a React project is created using standard tools, it comes with a predefined structure that follows best practices.
At the root level of a React project, you will typically see files such as package.json. This file manages project dependencies, scripts, and metadata. It tells the system which libraries the project uses and how to start, build, or test the application. Developers usually do not modify this file frequently, but it is critical for project configuration.
One of the most important folders is the public folder. This folder contains static files that are served directly by the browser. The key file inside this folder is index.html. This HTML file contains a single root element where the React application is mounted.
Example of index.html (simplified):
<div id="root"></div>
React uses this root element to inject the entire application dynamically.
The src folder is where most of the development happens. This folder contains all React components, logic, styles, and utilities. The entry point of the React application is index.js (or index.jsx). This file connects React to the DOM and renders the root component.
Example of index.js:
import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
import App from "./App";
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root"));
root.render(<App />);
This code tells React to render the App component inside the root element defined in index.html.
The App.js file represents the main or root component of the application. It acts as the parent component for all other components.
Example of App.js:
function App() {
return (
<div>
<h1>Welcome to My React App</h1>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
As applications grow, placing all files in the src folder becomes messy. To solve this, developers organize src into meaningful subfolders. A common real-world structure looks like this:
components – reusable UI elements like buttons, inputs, cards
pages – full-page components like Home, Login, Dashboard
hooks – custom hooks for shared logic
services or api – API calls and data-fetching logic
styles – global or shared CSS files
utils – helper functions
For example, a Button component inside the components folder might look like this:
function Button({ label, onClick }) {
return <button onClick={onClick}>{label}</button>;
}
export default Button;
This component can then be reused across multiple pages.
A real-world scenario where folder structure becomes critical is a dashboard application. In such an app, pages might include Dashboard, Profile, and Settings, each with multiple components and API calls. A clean folder structure allows multiple developers to work on different features without confusion or conflicts.
It is important to understand that React does not enforce a strict folder structure. The structure should evolve based on project size and requirements. However, starting with a logical and consistent organization helps avoid technical debt and makes scaling easier.
In summary, the React project folder structure defines how your application is organized and maintained. Understanding each folder’s role, using reusable components, and separating concerns are essential practices for building clean, scalable, and professional React applications.