Top 50 Most Frequently Asked Node.js Interview Questions (Beginner to Advanced) – 2026 Ready Guide
Preparing for a Node.js interview can feel overwhelming—but it doesn’t have to be.
This comprehensive guide covers the most frequently asked Node.js interview questions, neatly divided into Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced levels.
Each answer includes technical keywords, real-world insights, and future-ready perspectives to help you confidently crack modern Node.js interviews.
Beginner-Level Node.js Interview Questions
1. What is Node.js?
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime environment built on Google Chrome’s V8 engine. It allows developers to run JavaScript on the server side using an event-driven, non-blocking I/O architecture, making it ideal for scalable network applications.
Keywords: V8 engine, JavaScript runtime, non-blocking I/O
2. Why is Node.js single-threaded?
Node.js uses a single-threaded event loop to handle multiple client requests efficiently. Instead of creating multiple threads, it offloads heavy tasks to background workers, improving performance and reducing memory overhead.
Keywords: Event loop, concurrency, scalability
3. What is npm?
npm (Node Package Manager) is the default package management system for Node.js. It helps install, manage, and share reusable JavaScript libraries.
Keywords: Dependency management, package.json, open-source libraries
4. What is package.json?
package.json is the metadata file of a Node.js project. It stores project details, dependencies, scripts, and versioning information.
Keywords: Project metadata, dependencies, semantic versioning
5. What are modules in Node.js?
Modules are reusable blocks of code that encapsulate functionality. Node.js supports CommonJS and ES Modules (ESM).
Keywords: require, import/export, modular architecture
Intermediate-Level Node.js Interview Questions
6. What is the Event Loop in Node.js?
The Event Loop manages asynchronous operations by executing callbacks from queues like timers, I/O callbacks, and microtasks.
Keywords: Call stack, callback queue, microtask queue
7. How does Node.js handle async operations?
Node.js uses callbacks, Promises, and async/await to handle asynchronous tasks efficiently without blocking the main thread.
Keywords: Asynchronous programming, promises, async/await
8. What are streams in Node.js?
Streams allow processing data in chunks instead of loading everything into memory, improving performance for large files.
Types: Readable, Writable, Duplex, Transform
Keywords: Data streaming, backpressure, performance optimization
9. What is middleware in Express.js?
Middleware functions execute during the request–response lifecycle to handle tasks like authentication, logging, or error handling.
Keywords: Express.js, request pipeline, REST APIs
10. How does Node.js support scalability?
Through non-blocking I/O, clustering, and load balancing, Node.js scales horizontally across CPU cores and servers.
Keywords: Cluster module, horizontal scaling, microservices
Advanced-Level Node.js Interview Questions
11. What is the Cluster module?
The Cluster module allows Node.js to spawn multiple worker processes sharing the same server port, utilizing multi-core CPUs.
Keywords: Child processes, load distribution, high availability
12. How does garbage collection work in Node.js?
Node.js uses V8’s garbage collector, which applies mark-and-sweep and generational GC techniques to manage memory.
Keywords: Heap memory, memory leaks, GC optimization
13. What are worker threads?
Worker threads enable CPU-intensive tasks to run in parallel without blocking the event loop.
Keywords: Multithreading, parallel processing, performance tuning
14. How do you handle security in Node.js applications?
Security is handled using:
- Input validation
- HTTPS
- JWT authentication
- Helmet middleware
- Rate limiting
Keywords: OWASP, JWT, XSS, CSRF
15. How does Node.js fit into microservices architecture?
Node.js is ideal for microservices due to its lightweight nature, fast I/O handling, and API-first design.
Keywords: Microservices, API Gateway, containerization
Additional Beginner-Level Node.js Interview Questions
16. What is REPL in Node.js?
REPL stands for Read–Eval–Print–Loop. It is an interactive Node.js shell used to execute JavaScript code line by line for testing and debugging.
Keywords: REPL environment, debugging, interactive shell
17. What is the difference between Node.js and JavaScript?
JavaScript is a programming language, while Node.js is a runtime environment that allows JavaScript to run outside the browser.
Keywords: Runtime environment, browser vs server-side, V8 engine
18. What is callback hell?
Callback hell occurs when nested callbacks make code unreadable and difficult to maintain. It is solved using Promises and async/await.
Keywords: Callback pyramid, async control flow, code readability
19. What is the role of fs module?
The fs module enables file system operations such as reading, writing, updating, and deleting files asynchronously or synchronously.
Keywords: File I/O, filesystem module, async file handling
20. What is process in Node.js?
The process object provides information about the current Node.js process, including environment variables and runtime arguments.
Keywords: process.env, runtime configuration, system interaction
Additional Intermediate-Level Node.js Interview Questions
21. Difference between process.nextTick() and setImmediate()
process.nextTick()executes before the event loop continuessetImmediate()executes in the next event loop iteration
Keywords: Microtasks, macrotasks, event loop phases
22. What is CORS and how do you handle it in Node.js?
CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) controls resource access between domains and is handled using CORS middleware in Express.
Keywords: Cross-origin requests, HTTP headers, Express middleware
23. What is JWT and how is it used in Node.js?
JWT (JSON Web Token) is used for stateless authentication by securely transmitting user claims between client and server.
Keywords: Authentication, authorization, token-based security
24. What is body-parser?
body-parser is middleware that parses incoming request bodies into req.body.
Keywords: HTTP request parsing, middleware, REST APIs
25. What is rate limiting?
Rate limiting restricts the number of requests a client can make to prevent DDoS attacks and abuse.
Keywords: API security, throttling, express-rate-limit
Additional Advanced-Level Node.js Interview Questions
26. How does Node.js handle child processes?
Node.js supports child processes using:
spawn()fork()exec()
These enable parallel execution and inter-process communication.
Keywords: Child processes, IPC, parallelism
27. What is libuv?
libuv is a C library that provides Node.js with its event loop, thread pool, and async I/O capabilities.
Keywords: libuv, asynchronous I/O, thread pool
28. How do you monitor Node.js applications in production?
Using tools like:
- PM2
- New Relic
- Datadog
- Elastic APM
Keywords: Application monitoring, performance metrics, logging
29. What is zero-downtime deployment in Node.js?
Zero-downtime deployment ensures applications remain available during updates using clustering, load balancers, or blue-green deployments.
Keywords: High availability, DevOps, CI/CD
30. How does Node.js support serverless architecture?
Node.js is widely used in serverless platforms like AWS Lambda due to its fast cold start and event-driven model.
Keywords: Serverless computing, cloud functions, scalability
Future-Ready Node.js Interview Questions (Trending in 2026)
31. How does Node.js integrate with AI and real-time systems?
Node.js integrates with AI services using APIs and supports real-time communication through WebSockets and event-driven systems.
Keywords: AI APIs, real-time systems, WebSockets
32. What role does Node.js play in edge computing?
Node.js runs lightweight services at the network edge to reduce latency and improve performance.
Keywords: Edge computing, CDN, low-latency APIs
33. How is Node.js evolving with Deno and Bun?
Node.js continues to dominate enterprise systems, while Deno and Bun introduce performance and security improvements.
Keywords: JavaScript runtimes, ecosystem comparison, future trends
34. What are Node.js best practices for cloud-native apps?
- Stateless services
- Environment-based configs
- Containerization with Docker
Keywords: Cloud-native, containers, Kubernetes
35. How do you optimize Node.js performance?
Performance is optimized through:
- Caching
- Load balancing
- Efficient async handling
Keywords: Performance tuning, caching strategies, scalability
36. What is async_hooks in Node.js?
async_hooks provides APIs to track asynchronous resources throughout their lifecycle, helping debug complex async operations.
Keywords: Async context tracking, debugging, lifecycle hooks
37. What is the difference between fork() and spawn()?
spawn()launches a new process and streams outputfork()is optimized for Node.js child processes with built-in IPC
Keywords: Child process, IPC, parallel execution
38. What is Buffer in Node.js?
A Buffer is a temporary memory allocation used to handle binary data, such as TCP streams or file I/O.
Keywords: Binary data, memory allocation, streams
39. What is backpressure in Node.js streams?
Backpressure occurs when data is produced faster than it can be consumed. Node.js handles this using stream flow control mechanisms.
Keywords: Data flow control, stream performance, memory optimization
40. What is dotenv and why is it used?
dotenv loads environment variables from a .env file into process.env for secure configuration management.
Keywords: Environment variables, configuration security, secrets management
More Advanced-Level Node.js Interview Questions
41. How does Node.js handle memory leaks?
Memory leaks are detected using heap snapshots, profiling tools, and garbage collection logs.
Keywords: Heap memory, garbage collection, memory profiling
42. What is Node.js Inspector?
The Node.js Inspector allows debugging using Chrome DevTools for breakpoints, memory analysis, and performance tuning.
Keywords: Debugging tools, performance profiling, DevTools
43. How does Node.js support real-time applications?
Node.js uses WebSockets, Socket.IO, and event-driven architecture to support real-time communication.
Keywords: Real-time apps, WebSockets, event-driven systems
44. What is API Gateway in Node.js microservices?
An API Gateway manages routing, authentication, rate limiting, and acts as a single entry point for microservices.
Keywords: Microservices architecture, API Gateway, service orchestration
45. What is the role of PM2 in Node.js?
PM2 is a production process manager that supports monitoring, clustering, and zero-downtime restarts.
Keywords: Process management, production deployment, monitoring
Expert-Level / Architecture-Based Node.js Interview Questions
46. How does Node.js support CQRS architecture?
Node.js handles Command Query Responsibility Segregation using event-driven systems and message queues.
Keywords: CQRS, event sourcing, distributed systems
47. How does Node.js integrate with message brokers?
Node.js integrates with brokers like RabbitMQ, Kafka, and Redis using async consumers and producers.
Keywords: Message queues, event-driven architecture, scalability
48. What are Node.js best practices for logging?
Best practices include:
- Structured logging
- Log levels
- Centralized logging systems
Keywords: Logging strategy, observability, log aggregation
49. How do you secure Node.js APIs in production?
Security is ensured through:
- OAuth 2.0
- JWT
- Rate limiting
- Input sanitization
Keywords: API security, authentication, OWASP compliance
50. How does Node.js support DevOps and CI/CD?
Node.js integrates seamlessly with CI/CD pipelines using Docker, GitHub Actions, Jenkins, and cloud platforms.
Keywords: CI/CD, DevOps automation, containerization
Bonus Trending Interview Questions (2026 & Beyond)
51. Node.js vs Bun vs Deno – which one should you choose?
Node.js remains dominant in enterprise systems, while Bun and Deno focus on performance and security improvements.
Keywords: JavaScript runtimes, ecosystem evolution, future trends
52. How does Node.js work with Kubernetes?
Node.js applications are deployed as containers managed by Kubernetes for auto-scaling and resilience.
Keywords: Kubernetes, container orchestration, cloud-native apps
53. How does Node.js support GraphQL?
Node.js integrates GraphQL using Apollo Server and schema-driven APIs.
Keywords: GraphQL APIs, schema design, API optimization
54. What is event sourcing in Node.js?
Event sourcing stores state changes as events, improving auditability and scalability.
Keywords: Event sourcing, distributed systems, scalability
55. How does Node.js handle high-concurrency systems?
Using non-blocking I/O, clustering, caching, and load balancing.
Keywords: High concurrency, scalability, performance engineering
Pro Tips
- ✅ Master async/await and error handling patterns
- ✅ Understand Event Loop phases deeply
- ✅ Practice building RESTful APIs with Express
- ✅ Learn Node.js performance profiling tools
- ✅ Stay updated with Node LTS releases
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- ❌ Blocking the event loop with synchronous code
- ❌ Ignoring proper error handling
- ❌ Not validating user inputs
- ❌ Overusing callbacks instead of async/await
- ❌ Skipping security best practices
Tags
- What are the most asked Node.js interview questions?
- How does Node.js event loop work?
- Is Node.js single-threaded or multi-threaded?
- What is middleware in Node.js?
- How to prepare for Node.js interviews?