Top Kotlin Interview Questions & Answers (Beginner to Advanced) – Crack Android & Backend Interviews
Kotlin has become a preferred language for Android development, backend services, and multiplatform apps. Interviews today focus on language fundamentals, JVM concepts, null safety, coroutines, and real-world usage. This blog covers the most frequently asked Kotlin interview questions, neatly divided into Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced levels, with technical keywords and practical insights to help you succeed.
Beginner-Level Kotlin Interview Questions
1. What is Kotlin?
Kotlin is a statically typed, modern programming language that runs on the JVM, Android, and supports multiplatform development.
Technical Keywords: JVM, statically typed, Android development, interoperability
2. Why is Kotlin preferred over Java?
Kotlin reduces boilerplate code, improves readability, and offers null safety to prevent runtime crashes.
Technical Keywords: Null safety, concise syntax, Java interoperability
3. Difference between val and var
valcreates immutable variablesvarcreates mutable variables
Technical Keywords: Immutability, mutable state, memory safety
4. What is Null Safety in Kotlin?
Null safety prevents NullPointerException using nullable types (?) and operators like ?. and ?:.
Technical Keywords: Nullable types, safe call operator, Elvis operaton
5. What is a data class?
A data class automatically generates common functions such as equals(), hashCode(), and copy().
Technical Keywords: Data modeling, immutability, boilerplate reduction
Intermediate-Level Kotlin Interview Questions
6. What are Extension Functions?
Extension functions add new behavior to existing classes without inheritance or source modification.
Technical Keywords: Static dispatch, code reusability
7. Difference between == and ===
==checks structural equality===checks referential equality
Technical Keywords: Object comparison, memory reference
8. What are Sealed Classes?
Sealed classes allow restricted class hierarchies, commonly used with when expressions.
Technical Keywords: Exhaustive when, controlled inheritance
9. What is lateinit and lazy?
lateinitinitializes a variable laterlazyinitializes only when first accessed
Technical Keywords: Deferred initialization, memory optimization
10. What is the when expression?
when is an advanced conditional expression replacing switch with pattern matching.
Technical Keywords: Pattern matching, conditional expressions
Advanced-Level Kotlin Interview Questions
11. What are Coroutines in Kotlin?
Coroutines handle asynchronous, non-blocking tasks efficiently with structured concurrency.
Technical Keywords: suspend functions, coroutine scope, structured concurrency
12. Coroutines vs Threads
Coroutines are lightweight and managed by the compiler, unlike OS-level threads.
Technical Keywords: Concurrency model, lightweight execution
13. What is Kotlin Flow?
Kotlin Flow manages asynchronous data streams following reactive principles.
Technical Keywords: Cold streams, backpressure, reactive programming
14. What is Inline Function?
Inline functions reduce function call overhead and improve performance when using lambdas.
Technical Keywords: Performance optimization, lambda expressions
15. What is Kotlin Multiplatform?
Kotlin Multiplatform enables shared business logic across Android, iOS, Web, and Desktop.
Technical Keywords: KMM, shared codebase, cross-platform development
Real-World Insights & Future-Ready Perspective
- Kotlin dominates modern Android development
- Backend frameworks like Ktor and Spring Boot increasingly adopt Kotlin
- Coroutines replace callback-based async programming
- Kotlin Multiplatform is gaining enterprise traction
Pro Tips
- Avoid
!!operator whenever possible - Practice coroutine-based coding patterns
- Write idiomatic Kotlin instead of Java-style code
- Learn JVM memory basics
- Explore Kotlin Multiplatform projects
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Overusing mutable variables (
var) - Ignoring coroutine lifecycle
- Misusing
lateinit - Poor null-handling strategies
- Not testing coroutine-based code
Tags
- What are the most frequently asked Kotlin interview questions?
- How to prepare for a Kotlin interview?
- Kotlin beginner to advanced interview questions
- What are coroutines in Kotlin interview?
- Kotlin vs Java interview questions